The trireme was an ancient warship that played a key role in naval warfare from around the 7th century BCE to the 4th century BCE, particularly during the Greco-Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War. It was highly advanced for its time and was most famously used by the ancient Greeks, but it was also employed by other Mediterranean civilizations, including the Phoenicians and Romans.

Key Characteristics of a Trireme

1. Three Rows of Oars: The name “trireme” comes from the Latin “triremis,” meaning “three-oared.” This refers to the three tiers of oars on each side of the ship, with one oarsman per oar. These three rows allowed for a greater number of rowers (around 170) and increased speed and maneuverability in battle.
2. Speed and Agility: Triremes were highly maneuverable and could reach impressive speeds, often traveling at 7 to 9 knots (8 to 10 mph). In battle, they relied on their speed to outmaneuver larger, slower ships and execute tactical moves like the diekplous (a ramming maneuver through enemy lines) or the periplous (sailing around an enemy to strike from behind).